Removable partial dentures are one of three primary ways that dentists replace missing teeth. The other two are the fixed bridge, a series of joined crowns (caps) and dental implants. The two main benefits of the removal partial denture when compared to the fixed bridge and dental implants are less direct treatment required and less expense. On the other hand, removal partial dentures are considered far less comfortable than either a fixed bridge or dental implants, and new research has shown that the removable partial denture may also increase gum disease.

Gum disease is caused by plaque, a bacterial film that continuously forms around the teeth and gums. Gum disease is responsible for red, swollen, and bleeding gums, bad breath, loose teeth, and tooth loss. Gum disease is the main reason that people lose their teeth. A new study in the Journal of Periodontology suggests that removable partial dentures can have a negative impact on the gums. The study involved 205 patients that had removable partial dentures. The teeth that supported the removable partial denture (those usually held by metal clasps) had much more signs of gum disease, including swollen gums, tartar build up, and teeth that were loose than other teeth in the mouth. This study seems to support findings that I wrote about a few months ago demonstrating that after ten years only 56% of teeth that hold a removable partial denture remained intact.

One possibility that explains why gum disease is increased on teeth supporting a removable partial denture is that the denture collects more plaque and makes teeth more difficult to clean. Another potential problem is that many people leave their removable partial dentures in while they sleep. This allows a build-up of plaque on the teeth that contributes to gum disease. People who wear removable partial dentures should be sure to practice excellent oral hygiene, keep their removable partial dentures in a cleaning solution and out of their mouth while they sleep, and see their dentist at least twice a year for examinations and professional cleanings. People who are considering replacing missing teeth may want to choose a fixed bridge or dental implants for improved comfort and potentially better dental health.